Gufungura-uruzitiro vs Gufunga-uruzitiro Iminara yo gukonjesha: Ni ikihe ciza?

 

 

 

I. Iminara y’ugukonjesha yuguruye-uruzitiro: Igiciro gito-n’ubushobozi bwinshi-Uguhindura ubushuhe, ibereye ku bikenewe vyo gukonjesha bisanzwe

 

Ikintu nyamukuru kiranga iminara y'ugukonjesha yuguruye-nigukorana hagati y'amazi akonjesha n'ikirere: amazi azunguruka ajanwa ku gikoresho co kwuzuza biciye mu buryo bwo gutera, maze agakorana n’umuyaga winjizwa n’umuyaga mu nzira y’ugusubiranamo/ugucapura kugira ngo haboneke uguhinduranya ubushuhe buva mu mwuka n’uguhinduranya ubushuhe buva mu mwuka. Amazi akonjejwe aca asubira mu bikoresho vyo gukonjesha (nk’ibikoresho vyo gukonjesha, ibikoresho vyo gukora).

Inyungu zayo nyamukuru zishingiye ku "bushobozi bwinshi n'igiciro gito":

 

 

 

 

 

Ariko rero, uburyo bwo gufungura-bufise intege nke zigaragara:

 

Icoba ari ikibazo gikomeye co guhumanya uburyo bw’amazi: amazi agendagenda ashobora gushikirwa n’ikirere, inkungugu n’imigera, bikaba bishobora gutuma imiyoboro y’ibikoresho igira ibipimo n’ugusenyuka. Ni ngombwa ko bongerako kenshi imiti igabanya ububabare n’imiti yica imigera, ivyo bikaba bituma habaho ukwiyongera kw’ibiciro vyo kwitaho igihe kirekire-;

Amazi menshi atakazwa: gutakaza umwuka + gutakaza amazi y’amazi bifata nk’ibice 1,5%-3% vy’ubunini bw’amazi agendagenda, ivyo bikaba bigabanywa mu bice bifise amazi make canke mu bihe bisaba cane gukingira ibidukikije;

Ugushikama kw’ubushuhe nabi: gushikirwa cane n’ubushuhe n’ubukonje bwo mu bidukikije, n’uguhinduka gukomeye kw’ubushuhe bw’amazi asohoka mu ci c’ubushuhe bwinshi-, bikaba bigoye gushitsa ivyo gukonjesha bikenewe n’ibikoresho vy’ukuri.

II. Iminara y'ugukonjesha y'uruzitiro rwugarijwe: Irashikama cane kandi ntiyitaho cane, ibereye mu bihe bikomeye vy'akazi

 

Iminara y’ugukonjesha y’uruzitiro rwugarijwe-ifata uburyo bwo guhindura ubushuhe bufunze: amazi y’ibikorwa/amazi yo gukonjesha y’ibikoresho azokonjeshwa azunguruka mu bipfukisho vyugarijwe, kandi amazi n’umuyaga biva hanze bica muri ivyo bipfukisho mu nzira y’uguca mu nzira y’umuriro, bikaba bishika ku guhindura ubushuhe butaziguye biciye mu ruhome rw’imirongo. Amazi ari muri izo nkoko ntakorana n’ivyo hanze mu gihe cose c’ivyo bikoresho.

Inyungu zayo nyamukuru zishingiye ku "gushikama no kwizigirwa":

Ubusuku bw’amazi buhambaye: ugutembera kw’amazi gupfutse kurinda rwose gusenyuka, ugusenyuka n’uguhumana kw’imigera, kandi birashobora gukonjesha ata guca ku ruhande ibikoresho vy’ukuri (nk’ibikoresho vy’ibibanza vy’amakuru, ibikoresho vy’imiti), bikongera ubuzima bw’ibikoresho kandi bikagabanya cane amahera yo gusanasana imiyoboro;

Gushikama gukomeye mu bikorwa: ubushuhe bw’amazi asohoka ntibugira ico bukoze cane ku bidukikije, n’itandukaniro ry’ubushuhe rigenzurwa hagati ya ±1℃, ribereye ku bihe bisaba ubushuhe bwinshi bubereye;

Ingaruka zikomeye zo kuzigama amazi-: gusa ni ugutakaza umwuka mutoyi mu mazi yo hanze, bikazigama amazi arenga 90% ugereranyije n’iminara yuguruye, bikaba bihuye n’ibisabwa mu bibanza amazi-ke canke amategeko agenga ibidukikije;

Ikoreshwa ryinshi: rishobora guhindura hagati y'uburyo bwo "gukonjesha n'umuyaga + gukonjesha umuyaga", kandi rishobora gukora gusa mu gukonjesha umuyaga mu rushana mu gufunga uburyo bwo gutera imiti, bikagabanya cane inguvu n'amazi bikoreshwa.

Inyungu nyamukuru z'uburyo bwugarijwe-ni:

Igiciro kinini c’intango: imigero nk’ibipfukisho vyugarijwe n’ibihimba vy’uguhindura ubushuhe bifise ubushobozi bwinshi-bituma igiciro co kugura ibikoresho kiruta 50%-80% kuruta iminara yuguruye;

Ubushobozi bwo guhindura ubushuhe bugabanuka gatoyi: uguhindura ubushuhe butaziguye bituma ubushuhe bwo kwegera busanzwe buba bwa degre 4-6 , kandi ubunini bw’ibikoresho burarushirizaho iyo umuntu akoresheje umuzigo umwe, bikaba bisaba ikibanza kinini co gushiramwo.

 

 

III. Ingingo yo guhitamwo: Igereranyo ry'ingero nyamukuru rishingiye ku bintu bishobora kuba

 

 

Ingano yo kugereranya	Gufungura-umunara wo gukonjesha	Umunara wo gukonjesha ufunze-uruzitiro
Ishoramari ry'intango	Hasi (imiterere yoroshe, nta n'uruzitiro rwugarijwe)	Hejuru (harimwo ama coils, uburyo bwo gukingira)
Ubushuhe bwo guhindura neza	Hejuru (gukorana ataco uhinduye, ubushuhe bwo kwegeranya degre 2-3 )	Uburinganire (gukorana mu buryo butaziguye, ubushuhe bwo kwegeranya degre 4-6)
Ingaruka ku buzima bw'amazi	Amazi ashobora guhumana, arasukura kenshi	Uburyo bw'amazi meza, nta ngorane yo gusenyuka canke gusenyuka
Igiciro c'ibikorwa	Ivyinshi (ugukoresha amazi + ibiciro vy'imiti)	Hasi (amazi-kuzigama + kwitaho bike)
Ubushuhe Buhagaze	Abakene (bashikirwa cane n'ibidukikije)	Ni vyiza cane (ubushuhe butandukanye hagati ya ±1℃)
Ibintu bishobora gukoreshwa	Inganda zifise umuzigo munini-, ibisabwa mu buryo bw'amazi make, amasoko y'amazi ahagije	Ibikoresho vy'ukuri, ibisabwa vy'amazi meza cane, amazi-ahantu hake

 

 

IV. Insozero: Nta n’umwe asumba abandi, ni uguhindura ibintu gusa

 

Open-loop cooling tower ni "igiciro-ihitamwo ryiza", ryiza ku bikorwa bisanzwe vy'inganda bifise amasoko y'amazi ahagije, imizigo myinshi yo gukonjesha n'ibisabwa vy'uburyo buke bw'amazi (nk'ubushobozi bw'ubushuhe buzunguruka amazi, igiciro gito co mu gikoresho co gukonjesha co hagati), a closed-loop cooling towers ni "uguhitamwo kwizigirwa", bibereye gukonjesha ibikoresho vy'ukuri, amazi{4}}ahantu hake, ibisabwa vyinshi vyo kurinda ibidukikije canke ibihe bikomeye vy'akazi n'igihe kirekire-ibikorwa, guhindura igiciro kinini c'intango n'ibikorwa bikomeye.

                                                

Iciyumviro nyamukuru co guhitamwo ni uguhuza "ivyo usaba n'igiciro": iyo imbere y'ibindi vyose bihawe kugenzura ishoramari ry'intango no gukurikirana ubushobozi bwo guhindura ubushuhe bw'umuzigo munini, open-loop ni nziza; iyo hashizweko umutima ku gushikama kw'ibikorwa, ku kuzigama amazi n'inguvu, canke ku guhindura imibereho y'ibikorwa vy'ukuri, uruzitiro rwugarijwe-ni ihitamwo ridashobora gukurwaho. Mu bikorwa vy'ukuri, amashirahamwe amwe amwe na yo akoresha uburyo buhuriweko "open-loop + closed-loop" kugira ngo ashobore guhuza ivya nkenerwa vyo gukonjesha vy'amahuza atandukanye no gushika ku buringanire bwiza hagati y'ubushobozi n'igiciro.