Umunara w'Ibisubizo

Ingingo ngenderwako y'umunara wo gukonjesha

Insobanuro y'umunara w'ugukonjesha

Umunara wo gukonjesha ni igikoresho gikoresha amazi nk’igikoresho co gukonjesha gizunguruka. Ifata ubushuhe buva muri iyo nzira maze ikawuvamwo mu kirere kugira ngo igabanye ubushuhe bw’amazi. Ivyo gukonjesha vyayo bishingiye ku guhinduka kw’amazi, bikaba bituma amazi yo gukonjesha asubira gukoreshwa no kugabanya imyanda y’ibiciro mu buryo bw’ubutunzi.

Ingingo ngenderwako

Umunara wo gukonjesha uratera amazi ashushe ku ruhande rw’ibikoresho vyo gusesa ubushuhe, ivyo bikaba bituma ishobora gukorana n’umuyaga urenga. Uguhindura ubushuhe bishobora guhinduka hagati y’amazi ashushe n’umuyaga ukanye, mu gihe igice c’amazi ashushe karahinduka umwuka kandi kigarekura ubushuhe buhishijwe bwo guhinduka umwuka mu kirere. Amazi akonjeye agwa mu gitereko c’amazi maze agapompa ku gikoresho co guhindura ubushuhe kugira ngo asubire gufata ubushuhe.

Ivyiza vy'ingenzi vyo guhitamwo umunara wo gukonjesha

Amakuru akurikira arasabwa igihe ahitamwo umunara wo gukonjesha:

Igipimo c’amazi agendagenda;

Umunara w’amazi w’i Inlet (ubushuhe) w’umunara wo gukonjesha;

Igisusu c’amazi (cold) c’umunara wo gukonjesha;

Ubushuhe bwo mu kirere butose cane;

Inguvu n’incuro n’incuro;

Guca amazi mu buryo bw’amazi;

Ivy’ibidukikije vyo ku kibanza n’ahantu haboneka;

Bisabwa ubwoko bw'umunara.

Ibiranga Umunara wo Gukonjesha

Incamake y'umunara wo gukonjesha amashurwe

Amazi agenda hasi mu buryo busanzwe biciye mu bikoresho vyo gukuraho ubushuhe, mu gihe umuyaga unyura mu buryo buringaniye biciye mu bikoresho vyo gukuraho ubushuhe, bikaba bihuye n’ingene amazi agenda mu mfuruka nziza. Umusaraba - umugero w'amazi ugabanya ubushobozi bwo guhangana n'umuyaga kandi utanga umubare munini w'umuyaga ugereranyije n'ubwoko bw'uruzitiro rw'ibarabara.

Ibiranga

Umusaraba - umugero w’amazi ugabanya ubushobozi bwo guhangana n’umuyaga kandi ukazigama ububasha;

Ishobora guhurizwa hamwe n’umugambi w’inyubakwa kugira ngo ubone imiterere y’ubwiza;

Ivyerekana hasi- Igishushanyo c'icubahiro, kwubahiriza ingingo mfatirwako z'igihugu;

Ibikoresho vy’ugukwiragiza ubushuhe bikoresha ubuhinga bwo guhingura ibintu, bifise inkomezi nyinshi n’ingaruka nziza zo gusenyura ubushuhe;

Ibara ry’umubiri ry’imbere rifata ubuhinga bwagutse, n’umuvuduko muto wo guhindura, umuvuduko munini n’urusaku ruto;

Igikoresho co gukuraho umuyaga giceceka gishirwa munsi y’ibarabara ry’umuyaga kugira ngo umuyaga usubire inyuma, wongere umuvuduko w’umuyaga no kugabanya urusaku rw’umuyaga;

Ifise inzugi z’igenzura kugira ngo igenzure neza no kuyibungabunga;

Ishobora gushirwa mu buryo bumwe, itanga ikoreshwa ry’ibintu n’uguzigama inguvu.

Gutonyanga umunara wo guhindagurika

Intambwe zo guhitamwo Umunara w'Ikoraniro

1.1 Ubwa mbere, menya ubushuhe bw'amazi yinjira mu munara wo gukonjesha kugira ngo uhitemwo ubwoko busanzwe bw'amazi.

1.2 Kumenya ibisabwa ku rusaku bishingiye ku bikoresho bikoreshwa canke ku mirongo y'ibintu bikoreshwa canke ku bihe vy'ikoreshwa, hanyuma uhitemwo canke umusaraba ukonjesha canke umunara wo gukonjesha.

1.3 Hitamwo igipimo c’amazi akonjesha hakurikijwe igipimo c’amazi akonjesha c’imashini y’amazi canke y’ifiriji. Muri rusangi, igipimo c’amazi gikonjesha gikwiye kuba kinini kuruta ic’imashini yo gufyonda (kenshi 1,2–1,25).

1.4 Iyo iminara myinshi ishizweho mu buryo bumwe, gerageza guhitamwo umunara wo gukonjesha.

Ivyiyumviro vyo guhitamwo umunara w'ugukonjesha

2.1 Igikoresho c’imiterere y’umunara w’umunara wo gukonjesha gikwiye kuba gihagaze, gikomeye, gisenyuka- gishobora kuba kiriho kandi gikozwe neza.

2.2 Gusangira amazi, uruja n’uruza rutoyi, uguhitamwo kw’ibikoresho vy’uguterura bidasanzwe bidasanzwe bizibira.

2.3 Ubwoko bw’umunara wo gukonjesha bukwiye gushitsa ibisabwa n’uburyo bw’amazi n’ubushuhe bw’amazi.

2.4 Umufana ukwiye guhuzwa neza kugira ngo umuntu ashobore gukora neza - ijambo risanzwe ata n’umwe anyiganyiga canke urusaku rudasanzwe. Amabara akwiye kugira ubushobozi bwo gusenyuka neza n’inkomezi zihagije. Igihe co gushiramwo ivyuma vy’umuyaga gishobora guhindurwa, ariko imfuruka zitegerezwa kuba zihuye, kandi umuriro w’umuyagankuba ntukwiye kurenga umuriro w’ibara.

2.5 Inguvu nke n’igiciro gito. Ibirahuri bitobito vyo gukonjesha ibirahuri bitobito na vyo nyene na vyo nyene bikwiye kuba bifise uburemere buke.

2.6 Umunara wo gukonjesha ukwiye kwirindwa uko bishoboka kwose hafi y’aho ubushuhe bukomoka, gazi y’imyanda n’amazi, ahantu h’ububiko bw’imiti n’ibirundo vy’amakara.

2.7 Urugendo ruri hagati y’iminara yo gukonjesha canke hagati y’iminara n’izindi nyubakwa ntizikwiye kwihweza ibisabwa vyo guhumanya ibintu vy’iminara n’inkurikizi hagati y’iminara n’inyubakwa, ariko kandi n’umuriro n’umuriro- Urugendo rw’umutekano rw’inyubakwa n’ibisabwa vy’ubwubatsi n’ivy’ugutunganya vy’iminara yo gukonjesha.

2.8 Uburongozi bw'umuyoboro w'umunara wo gukonjesha ushobora guhindurwa n'amadegre 90 , degre 180 canke degre 270 .

2.9 Igikoresho c’umunara wo gukonjesha gishobora kwihanganira ubushuhe buke bwa -50 degre , ariko ku bice aho ubushuhe bwo mu kwezi gukonje cane buri hasi y’urugero rwa -10 , bikwiye gusobanurwa igihe umuntu ashizeho itegeko kugira ngo afate ingingo zo kurwanya amakara. Igiciro c’umunara wo gukonjesha kizokwongerekana nk’ibice 3%.

2.10 Ubutunzi bw’amazi agendagenda ntibukwiye kurenga 50mg/l, kandi ntiburenga 100mg/l mu gihe gito. Ntibikwiye kubamwo amabara y’amavuta canke ibihumanya. Niba ari ngombwa, hakwiye gufatwa ingingo zo gukuraho ibimera n’amazi.

2.11 Uburyo bwo gukwiragiza amazi bwakozwe hakurikijwe umubare w’amazi y’izina. Iyo umubare nyawo w’amazi utandukanye n’ibindi birenze ±15% n’ijwi ry’amazina y’izina, bikwiye gusobanurwa igihe ushizeho itegeko kugira ngo hahindurwe umugambi.

2.12 Mu gihe co kubika no gutwara, nta bintu bikomeye bikwiye gushirwa ku bihimba vy’umunara bikonjesha, kandi ntibikwiye gushikirwa n’umuco w’izuba. Gukingira umuriro na vyo nyene bikwiye kumenyekana. Mu gihe co gushiramwo, gutwara no kubungabunga umunara wo gukonjesha, imbeya zifunguye nk’ugusudira umuyagankuba no gusudira gazi ntizikwiye gukoreshwa, kandi ibikoresho vyo gutera umuriro n’ibikoresho vyo gutera umuriro ntibikwiye guterwa hafi.

2.13 Ku bijanye n’uguhingura iminara myinshi y’uruziga, urugendo rw’urusenga ruri hagati y’iminara rukwiye kuba n’imiburiburi incuro 0,5 z’umurongo w’umunara. Umusaraba - iminara y'amazi n'iminara y'inzira y'inzira ishobora gutunganirizwa mu buryo bumwe.

2.14 Ipompa y’amazi yatowe ikwiye guhuzwa n’umunara wo gukonjesha kugira ngo imenye neza ibisabwa nk’igipimo c’amazi n’uguterura.

2.15 Igihe uhisemwo iminara myinshi yo gukonjesha, hitamwo akarorero kamwe uko bishoboka kwose.

Kubungabunga

Amazi menshi akonjesha arimwo ions za calcium, ions z’amamagnesium n’izitwa birbonates. Iyo amazi akonjesheje aciye mu cuma, urugero rw’ivyuma vy’ibara ry’agahama rurahinduka. Ikindi, umwuka w’ikirere ushizwe mu mazi y’ugukonjesha na wo nyene urashobora gutuma ivyuma bigenda neza kandi bikagira umugezi. Kubera ko umugezi uhinduka n’urugero, ubushobozi bwo guhindura ubushuhe bw’umunara w’ugukonjesha buragabanuka. Mu bihe bikomeye, birakenewe ko utera amazi akonjesha hanze y’igikoko. Guca ibibatsi bishobora guhagarika imiyoboro no gutuma ubushuhe bugira ico bukoze. Amakuru y’ubushakashatsi yerekana ko ibisigazwa vy’urugero bifise ingaruka zikomeye ku gutakaza ubushuhe. Ukwo kwiyongera kw’ibibi bizoshika ku giciro kinini c’inguvu. Mbere n’urugero rutoyi rurashobora kwongereza igiciro c’ibikorwa vy’igice c’ibikoresho kigereranywa n’ibice birenga 40%. Kuguma mu migende y’ugukonjesha ata mabuye y’agaciro bishobora gutuma umuntu agira ubushobozi bwo gukora neza, kuzigama inguvu, kwagura ubuzima bw’ibikoresho, no kuzigama umwanya wo gukora n’ibiciro. Mu kiringo kirekire, uburyo bwa kera bwo gusukura nk’uburyo bwo gusukura (gukora, gukaraba), - amazi, n’ugusukura imiti (gutoranya) vyahuye n’ingorane nyinshi igihe ibikoresho vyo gusukura: bidashobora gukuraho burundu urugero n’ibindi bikoresho, umuti w’aside uraboza ibikoresho kugira ngo ukore imyobo, kandi aside isigaye ituma habaho ugusenyuka kwa kabiri canke munsi ya - ugusenyuka kw’ibikoresho, amaherezo bikajana ku bikoresho. Ikindi, amazi y’imyanda yo gusukura ni ubumara kandi bisaba amahera menshi yo gusukura amazi mabi.