Uburyo bwo gusohora umwuka wuzuye mu mirongo y'amazi akonjesha

Umuyaga ufunzwe imbere mu bice vy’amazi bikonjesha utuma haba ibifunguruzo vy’umuyaga bizibira amazi guca mu mazi, bikagabanya cane ubushobozi bw’ibikoresho bihindura ubushuhe, kandi bikazana ibikorwa bitari vyo harimwo n’ugucapura kw’ipompa, urusaku rw’imiyoboro, n’uguhagarika ibikoresho bishushe cane.

 

Gusohora umwuka mu buryo busanzwe ni uburyo nyamukuru inyuma y’ugutangura gukora, gusubirira amazi no gucungera. Hakurikijwe ingingo ngenderwako zine z’ingenzi-ugukuraho umuyaga birongowe n’uburemere bw’isi, gusohora umwuka mu bice, gusohora umwuka mu muvuduko muto-n’ugusubiramwo -igikorwa cose gifise inzira zitanu: gutegura imbere y’ugukora, kwuzuza umwuka mu gihe c’intango, gusohora umwuka w’inyongera ku bice bipfuye, n’igihe kirekire-ku musi ku musi wo kurwanya -umuyaga-ugucungera umutego.

 

Bikoreshwa ku mirongo yose y’amazi yugarijwe-nk’imirongo y’amazi yo gukonjesha y’inganda, imirongo y’ugukonjesha y’ibice n’imirongo y’amazi yo gukonjesha y’ibikoresho.

 

 

Gutegura imbere-ugukora ni vyo bishinga umushinge wo gukuraho umuyaga wose. Imbere yo gukora, funga umuriro kugira ngo ugendeamapompa n’ibikoresho vyo gushusha, kandi ugakonjesha umurongo w’amazi ku bushuhe bwo mu karere kugira ngo wirinde gusubira inyuma kw’umwotsi w’ubushuhe bwinshi-ukwegera umuyaga mushasha.

 

Suzuma urugero rw’amazi yo mu bidengeri vyo kwagura n’ivyo mu bidengeri vy’amazi yo kwisiga, hanyuma wongere wuzuze amazi ku rugero rusanzwe; amazi ari hasi cane azotuma umukazo mubi ku mapompo unyonga umuyaga maze ukomeze gutera ibibumbano.

 

Gutoranya neza uturongo twose tw’impwemu ku miyoboro, no kugenzura uturere tw’umuyaga tw’amaboko tudakomeretse twashizwe ku ntumbero zisumba izindi zose z’urwo rutonde, imitwe y’ibikoresho bihindura ubushuhe, isonga ry’ibitanga amazi n’ibikoranya amazi, ibibanza vy’uguhinduka kw’imiyoboro iduga n’imitwe ikonjera y’ibikoresho.

 

Ivyuma vy’umuyaga vyikoresha bishirwa ubudasiba ku mpera y’uruzitiro runini kugira ngo bisohore gazi y’inyuma iva mu gitereko mu gihe c’ibikorwa, mu gihe ivyuma vy’amaboko bikora ivyo gukuraho umuyaga mwinshi mu ntambwe ya mbere; gukoresha ivyo vyose hamwe bituma umuntu akora neza mu gusohora umwuka.

 

Hagati aho, suzuma imirongo y’imiyoboro: imiyoboro iringaniye itegerezwa kuguma ifise urugero rutari munsi ya 5‰ amazi atemba buhoro buhoro aja hejuru yerekeza ku bibanza bisohokeramwo umwuka, bikaba bituma ibibumbano bishobora kuduga mu buryo busanzwe bikaja ku ntumbero z’impwemu biciye ku gutera. Ivyuma bisubira inyuma canke uturere twapfuye twarohamye mu karere bitegerezwa gukurwaho, ahandi ho ibibumbano bizoguma bifunzwe ubudasiba imbere mu miyoboro.

 

 

Igice ca mbere co kwuzuza amazi gikoresha uburyo busanzwe bwo kwuzuza buhoro buhoro-intonde ntoya -intonde ndende icarimwe. Gutera amazi yihuta-atemba cane birabujijwe cane, kuko amazi atemba cane-azoguma yinjiza umuyaga kugira ngo akore ibibumbano vyiza bifunzwe imbere mu bipfunsi n’ibipfunsi.

 

Injize amazi akonjesha/antifreeze mu buryo buringaniye biciye mu nzira y’ivyuma ku ntumbero iri hasi cane y’urutonde, hanyuma ufungure ivyuho vyose vy’umuyaga vy’amaboko vy’inzira ndende -bikurikirana kuva ku mashami ya kure gushika ku nzira nyamukuru. Gushira imbere ivyuho vy’impwemu ku mashami ya kure-imbere y’ugukoresha ivyuho vy’impwemu vy’umurongo mukuru.

 

Umuyaga uvanze n’amazi agendagenda uzosohoka mu binogo vy’impwemu mu ntango. Amazi amaze gusohoka ata n’ifu yera canke ibibumbano bigenda bihinduka, guma ufunguye iyo nzira y’umuyaga mu minota 3 kugira ngo urekure gazi isigaye ifunzwe mu bipande vy’imiyoboro, hanyuma ufunge buhoro buhoro iyo nzira y’umuyaga ihuye n’iyo nzira.

 

Gusohora umwuka wose kw’ishami rimwe imbere y’uko uja ku rindi kugira ngo umuyaga ntugumye mu mashami bitewe n’ugufunga icarimwe amasohoka menshi y’umuyaga. Inyuma y’ugusohora umwuka w’intango kw’ibice vyose, ushiremwo umuti mu gitereko co kwagura maze usubizeho uburyo bwari bufunze.

 

 

 

Gusohora umwuka mu ntango bishobora gusa gukuraho umuyaga mwinshi, mu gihe ibibumbano bitobito biguma bifunzwe mu bikoko vy’imiyoboro no mu bihengeri vy’ibipimo vy’uguhindura ubushuhe, bisaba gusohora umwuka mwinshi biciye mu nzira y’umuvuduko muto-. Tangira pompe y’ugutembera mu gihe ata -umuzigo uhari maze utunganye incuro zikoreshwa ku 30%–50% z’umuvuduko utegekanijwe.

 

Umuvuduko muto-ugenda ugenda mu miyoboro, utwara ibibumbano binyanyagiye hejuru kugira ngo bikoranire ku bikoresho vy’umuyaga biri hejuru kugira ngo bikomeze guca mu minota 10 gushika kuri 15.

 

Mu gihe c’ugutembera, rekura umuyaga wose ukoreshwa n’amaboko ku ncuro ya kabiri mu masegonda 10 gushika kuri 20 kugira ngo usohore gazi yirundanirije iriko iraduga. Uzuza medium vuba cane umaze gusohora umwuka ku ntumbero yose kugira ngo umuyaga winjira ntugwe mu rugero rw’amazi.

 

Ku bikoresho vy’ugukonjesha amazi vy’inganda nini, tangura kandi uhagarike ipompo incuro 3 gushika ku 5, usige iyo pompe ihagaze iminota 5 inyuma y’uguhagarara kwose kugira ngo ibibumbano bimanitswe bishobore kuduga bimwe bishitse, hanyuma wongere utangure gusukura amazi y’umuvuduko muto-.

 

Subiramwo iki gikorwa kugira ngo ukureho ibipfukisho vy’umuyaga biri mu bice vy’umubiri bipfuye. Mu gihe c’ibikorwa, urabe neza imiyoboro kugira ngo ubone urusaku rw’amazi n’ubushuhe bukomeye bugumaho. Kuzimangana kw’urusaku rudasanzwe be n’ubushuhe budahinduka vyerekana ko umuyaga mwinshi wasohotse.

 

 

 

Ingingo z’inyongera zo gusohora umwuka zifatwa ku bice bikomeye-kugeza kuri-vyuka bipfuye bidashobora gusukurwa bimwe bishitse n’ugutembera guhoraho, harimwo n’ibikoresho bihindura ubushuhe, imiyoboro y’amashami maremare iduga n’imitwe y’ubukonje yubatswe mu bikoresho.

 

Ku bikoresho bitobito vyo gukonjesha amazi, zunguza igikoresho gatoyi kugira ngo ushire isonga ry’imiyoboro hejuru, pompe na yo ibe ku gice co hasi; n’uguzunguza igice kugira ngo utware umuvuduko w’imbere hagati no kurekura ibibumbano bifatanye mu mihora y’umuvuduko.

 

Ku bikoresho binini binini vyo gukonjesha amazi y’inganda, shiraho umukazo mutoyi biciye ku pompe y’isuku iri hagati ya 0.03–0.05 MPa kugira ngo usunike ibibumbano biri mu bice bipfuye bije ku bihimba vy’umuyaga. Niba usubiye gutangura inyuma y’ugusohoka kw’amazi yuzuye mu gihe co gusanasana, ushire umuyoboro mutoyi ku nzira y’umuyaga kugira ngo uyobore amazi yasohotse mu gitereko c’amazi yo kwisiga no kwirinda gusesagura ubuhumane aho hantu; funga iyo nzira y’umuyaga gusa iyo amazi atagira ibibumbano-asohotse mu muyoboro w’amazi.

 

Ku mirongo y’amazi ishaje ifise ugufatwa n’umuyaga guhoraho be n’ubushobozi bwo guhindura ubushuhe butari ku rugero, ushire imiyoboro mu bice, wuzuze kandi ushire umwuka mu gice kimwekimwe cose kugira ngo ukureho ingorane zo gufunga umuyaga zihishijwe kimwe kimwe.

 

 

 

Uburongozi bw'igihe kirekire- burakenewe inyuma yo gusohora umwuka kugira ngo umuyaga ntuje winjira mu mubiri no gushinga urutonde rwo kwitaho. Gukomeza urugero rw’amazi rusanzwe mu gitereko co kwagura mu gihe c’ibikorwa vya misi yose, gukora isuzuma ry’ibihe ku bihe ku bihimba vy’umuyaga vyikoresha no gusukura ivyuma vy’amazi n’ibihumanye ku bibanza vy’amazi kugira ngo ntihagire ivyuka vy’amazi bifatanya n’ibindi bihimba vy’amazi.

 

Subiramwo uburyo bwo gusohora umwuka mu bice igihe cose amazi yo kwisukura yongeweko, amazi asubirijwe, canke imiyoboro isenyuwe kugira ngo itunganywe. Imbere yo gusubira gufungura sisitemu inyuma y’igihe kirekire-ihagaze, fungura neza imbere y’igihe ivyuho vyose vy’umuyaga bikoreshwa n’amaboko, ukore ivy’ukuzuza amazi n’ugusohora amazi vy’umuvuduko muto-, hanyuma ushire sisitemu mu bikorwa.

 

Gutegura imbere y’igihe aho umwuka uzosohokera mu gihe c’ubwubatsi no mu gusanura, kandi ubike amazi y’umuyaga ku migende yose iduga no ku mitwe y’amashami kugira ngo ugabanye ingorane zo gufatwa n’umuyaga aho uva.

 

 

 

Igihe igikorwa co gusohora umwuka kirangiye mu buryo bubereye, ubushobozi bwo guhangana n’ugutembera kw’ivyo bikoresho burasubira ku buryo bwategekanijwe, amapompa akora ata rusaku rw’ugusohoka, kandi ibikoresho bihindura ubushuhe birasubira kugira ubushobozi bwo gutanga ubushuhe.

 

Ivyo bituma ibikoresho bidakoreshwa cane, bikoresha inguvu nyinshi be n’uko ibihimba vy’umubiri bishobora gusambuka vuba bitewe n’ugufunga kw’umuyaga. Nta nzira ngufi zo gusohora umwuka.

 

Kuzuza amazi buhoro buhoro, gukora mu bice, guca mu muvuduko muto-n'ugusubira gusuzuma kenshi ni vyo bifasha gukuraho umuyaga mu mirongo y'amazi akonjesha no gutuma ubuhinga bukora neza igihe kirekire.