Gukonjesha ubushobozi bw'iminara y'ugukonjesha

Ingingo ngenderwako y’igikorwa c’umunara w’ugukonjesha ufunze, ahanini ushika hasi ku guhindura ubushuhe no mu gutanga ubushuhe, bikaba birimwo uguhinduranya kw’ubushuhe hagati y’umuyaga, amazi yo gutera, n’amazi yo gukonjesha. Ku bw’ivyo, umunara wo gukonjesha ufunze na wo nyene ni igikoresho c’ubushuhe - gukwiragiza, n’ivyiza vyo kugabanya ikoreshwa ry’inguvu no gutuma amazi akoreshwa n’ingendo.

Ubushobozi bwo gukonjesha bw’umunara wo gukonjesha ufunze buratangaje cane. Ntibisaba gukorana neza hagati y’umuyaga n’amazi (akenshi amazi canke umuvango wa ethylene glycol) uriko urakonja. Udakunze iminara yo gukonjesha ifunguye, ifise imirongo ibiri y’amazi yigenga. Imwe ni amazi ari mu nzira y’inyuma, azunguruka hanze y’umurongo w’uruzitiro (ruzitiro) mu nzira ya kabiri ifatanye n’urugendo rw’ubushuhe, maze ikonja maze igasubira mu nzira yugarijwe. Umuyaga ukwegwakwegwa n’amazi agendagenda hanze y’umuyoboro wose w’ubushuhe, bikaba bitanga ingaruka nk’izo nyene zo guhindura umwuka kugira ngo umuntu ashobore gufungura iminara yo gukonjesha. Mu gihe c’ugukora, ubushuhe buva mu nzira y’amazi yo mu mutima biciye mu ruhome rw’inyuma gushika ku nzira y’inyuma, hanyuma bukaja mu kirere biciye mu guhindura umwuka. Gutyo, umunara wo gukonjesha utaziguye ukora nk’umunara wo gukonjesha ufunguye, uretse kimwe: iyo nzira igenzurwa n’igikoresho co gukonjesha mu nzira y’ugukonjesha mu nzira y’ugukonjesha “ipfutse” idashobora gushikirwa n’ikirere canke amazi agendagenda. Umunara wo gukonjesha ushika ku ngaruka kanaka yo gukonjesha, ivyo bikaba bivana n’igikarabiro c’ubushuhe be n’umuvuduko w’umuyaga w’umuyaga. Ikindi kandi, amazi akoreshwa, ingene amazi agenda, n’aho umunara wo gukonjesha uri na vyo nyene biragira ingaruka zimwezimwe ku bijanye n’ingene ikora.

Ingorane y'Umunara w'Umunara w'Imiheto n'Imodoka y'Indege ku nzira yo gukonjesha

1. Shusha igitereko: Ni ikintu nyamukuru mu munara wo gukonjesha. Iminara mito mito muri rusangi ikoresha amashuka ya PVC yakozwe n’ugukanda canke uburyo bwo gufata ubushuhe. Iminara nini izokoresha inkwi. Intumbero ihambaye ni ugutuma ahantu hahuriye n’amazi hagati y’umuyaga n’amazi ataco bihinduye ku bushobozi bwo guhangana n’umuyaga, mu gihe kandi bituma ubushuhe buhinduka. Ivyo bipimo bibiri bigira ico bikoze ku ngaruka y’ubushuhe bw’igikarabiro c’ubushuhe ni ahanini uburyo n’uburebure bwavyo. Ni ngombwa kwirinda kwonona igikarabiro c’ubushuhe kugira ngo amazi adatemba agende muri yo.

2. Ubushobozi bw’ibintu: ahanini buratuma umuyaga utemba mu munara, utera umuvuduko wo guhindura ubushuhe hagati y’umuyaga n’amazi, kandi bikatwara ubushuhe. Ibintu nyamukuru bigira ico bikoze ku muyaga w’umuyaga urimwo imiterere y’amahembe (ni ukuvuga, ubwaguke n’uburebure bw’ibara), imfuruka y’ugukevya kw’amahembe ubwayo, umuvuduko wo guhindura, imfuruka y’ugushiraho, umuvuduko wo guhindura, moteri, n’igipimo c’umuyaga, n’ibindi. Ikindi kandi, mu gihe c’iminara imwe imwe y’umuyaga, ku minara yo gukonjesha y’ubwoko bumwe, ingaruka zo gukonjesha ni nziza cane n’amazi makeyi akonje kuruta.

Ibintu Gukomeza guhumanya Ubushobozi

Ubushobozi bwo gukonjesha bw’umunara wo gukonjesha ufunze burashikirwa n’ibintu bitandukanye. Ubushuhe bwaco bukeyi bw’ivyiyumviro burafitaniye isano cane n’ubushuhe bw’amazi y’amazi y’aho bukoreshwa, mu gihe urutonde rw’ugukonjesha nyarwo rukeneye gusuzumwa mu buryo bubereye hamwe n’ibipimo vy’imiterere n’imiterere y’ibikorwa. Ivyiyumviro nyamukuru ni ibi bikurikira:

1. Umupaka wo gukonjesha mu vyiyumviro

Igitigiri c’ugukonjesha kw’umunara wo gukonjesha ufunze ahanini bivana n’ubushuhe bw’amazi y’amazi ({0}} ubushuhe (ni ukuvuga, ubushuhe aho amazi ahinduka amazi ashika ku rugero rw’ibidukikije mu bihe vy’ibidukikije). Ubushuhe buke bw'ivyiyumviro ni bwo busanzwe butose- ubushuhe bw'umubumbe + 3℃. Nk'akarorero, iyo ubushuhe bw'amazi butose mu kibanza kinaka ari 23.6 degre , ubushuhe nyabwo bw'amazi y'amazi y'amazi y'amazi apfutse ni nk'amadegre 26.6~27 . Uburyo bwo gupima ubushuhe bw’amazi-Ubushuhe: Ukoreshe ubushuhe- igice c’igitereko c’ubushuhe gifise igipimo c’amazi gitose, ugume igiti c’umukaraba maze usome ubushuhe inyuma y’aho gihagaze.

2. Ibara ry'uburemere nyabwo bwo gukonjesha

Bivanye n’ivyo gukoresha, uburemere bwo gukonjesha bw’umunara wo gukonjesha ufunze ni hagati ya 5~25℃, n’ibikorwa vyihariye nk’uko bikurikira:

- High - umuti: Iyo ubushuhe bw'amazi yinjira ari 75 degre , bushobora kugabanywa bushika ku 30 degre , n'itandukaniro ry'ubushuhe ry'urugero rwa 45 ;

- Gutakaza - uburyo bwo gupima: Iyo ubushuhe bw'amazi yinjira ari 40 degre , ushobora kugabanywa ukagera kuri 30 degre , n'itandukaniro ry'ubushuhe ry'urugero rwa 10 .

Ingaruka nyayo yo gukonjesha ikeneye guhindurwa ifatanijwe n’ibi bikurikira:

- Ubushuhe umuzigo n’igipimo c’uruja n’uruza: Iyo umuzigo w’ubushuhe uri hejuru canke igipimo c’uruja n’uruza ntigihagije, uburemere bw’ugukonjesha bushobora kuba buke.

- Ivy’ibidukikije: Iyo itandukaniro ry’ubushuhe hagati y’ubushuhe bwumye n’izitose ari rinini (nk’igihe c’izuba ryinshi), ubushobozi bwo guhindura umwuka n’ubushuhe buragwira ni bwinshi, kandi ingaruka zo gukonjesha ni nyinshi cane.

- Gutegura no kubungabunga: imiterere y'imirongo y'imirongo, hejuru-abafana b'ubushobozi, n'ugusukura ubudasiba birashobora gutuma ubushuhe bugenda neza.

3. Urufunguzo rwo guhindura ibintu

- Ubushuhe -Ubushuhe: Nk’uko igipimo nyamukuru kigena urugero rw’ugukonjesha kw’ivyiyumviro, agaciro kayo karashikirwa ata guca ku ruhande n’ihinduka ry’aho hantu n’ihinduka ry’ibihe.

- Guhitamwo Ibikoresho n'imiterere

- Ihitamwo ry'ubwoko bw'umunara: Ubwoko bw'uruja n'uruza bw'amazi bufise ubushobozi bwo guhindura ubushuhe bwinshi ariko urusaku rwinshi, mu gihe ubwoko bw'uruja n'uruza rworoshe kubungabunga no gufata ahantu hatoyi. Guhitamwo bimwe bidasanzwe bisaba guharura no guhingura n’abahinga b’abahinga.

- Ibikoresho n’imiterere: Guhitamwo ibikoresho vy’imirongo, hamwe n’imiterere y’imirongo y’imirongo, uburebure, n’ubwoko, ugukoresha inguvu z’abafana, n’imiterere y’ibintu, vyose bigira ico bikoze ku bikorwa.

- Uburongozi bw'Ibikorwa

- Ubuvuzi bw’uburyo bw’amazi: Urugero rwo Gukingira rushobora kuguma ruhindura ubushuhe bwiza.

- Gucungera umuvuduko: Igipimo c’uruja n’uruza gitegerezwa kuba ari kinini canke kingana na 80% vy’agaciro kateguwe kugira ngo ntihagire ubukonje canke ukugabanya ubushobozi buterwa n’urugero ruto rw’uruja n’uruza.

4. Uburyo bwo gupima no kugenzura

- Kugereranya amakuru nyayo y’ibikorwa: Gusuzuma ibikorwa mu kugenzura ukuntu ubushuhe bwo gusohoka (T1) n’agaciro kateguwe (T0). Iyo T1 Less itari canke ingana na T0, ni ku rugero.

- Isuzuma ry’umurongo w’ibiranga: Iyo igipimo c’amazi y’amazi y’ukuri ku rugero rw’amazi yateguwe ari kinini canke kingana na 95%, ubushobozi bufatwa nk’ubushobozi.

- Igereranyo rya laboratwari: Gukoranya amakuru ukoresheje - ibimenyetso vy’ugutuma ibintu bigenda neza mu bushuhe buhoraho n’ubukonje, no gutuma igishushanyo gifatanywa n’isesengura rya CFD.

5. Ivyiyumviro vyo guhitamwo no gusaba

- Hitamwo ishingiye ku bushuhe bw'amazi butose.

- Niwiyumvire ubushobozi bwo guhindura ibidukikije: Mu bushuhe bw’imbere{1}} Uburyo bwo gutera imbere n’uburebure bw’ikirere -ba ari ahantu h’ubudasiba, birakenewe ko umuntu yongerera ahantu h’uguhindura ubushuhe canke agakoresha igihinduka - abafana b’incuro kugira ngo bahindure umubare w’umuyaga.

- Hitamwo abahinguzi bizigirwa: Ibanga rikwiye guhabwa abahinguzi bafise ubumenyi bwinshi bw’uguhingura n’ubuhinga bufise uburenganzira, nk’Ice Peak.